Testing
What is Testing?
Testing is the process of evaluating a system or its components to find whether it satisfies the specified requirements or not. Software testing is the process of evaluating and verifying that a software product or application does what it is supposed to do. Professional software testers use a combination of manual testing with automated tools. The benefits of testing include preventing bugs, reducing development costs and improving performance.
Why is it important?
Testing is a critical aspect of the software development lifecycle for several reasons:
- Identifying and Fixing Bugs
- Ensuring Quality and Reliability
- Validating Functionality
- Improving Security
- Enhancing Performance
- Reducing Maintenance Costs
Whereas insufficient testing can cause user dissatisfaction, financial loss and legal consequences.
Types of Software Testing
Manual Testing:
Manual testing is a fundamental software testing approach involving human intervention to evaluate a software application's functionality, usability, and quality. It is a process where testers manually execute test cases without the assistance of automated tools or scripts.
Automated Testing:
Automation testing is a software testing approach that involves using specialized tools and scripts to automate the execution of test cases and compare actual results with expected outcomes. It aims to improve testing efficiency, accuracy, and coverage by reducing manual effort and human error.
White box testing:
White Box Testing is a technique for testing a software’s internal structure, design, and coding. It verifies the flow of inputs and outputs, checks the functionality of conditional loops, and tests each statement, object, and function individually. White box testing is essential for teams to ensure their application’s code is robust and secure. It also examines the code for broken or inefficient paths, ensuring all possible inputs produce the expected output.
Black box Testing:
It focuses on testing a software application’s external functionality without examining its internal code structure. Using this approach, we examine the software from the end user’s perspective, scrutinizing its conformance to the requirements and its behavior in various input scenarios. This method supports early issue detection in the development process, promoting efficiency and reducing rework.
Gray box testing:
Gray box testing can be defined as a hybrid methodology combining white box and black box testing principles. It allows testers to work with partial knowledge of the internal workings of an application. This approach enables more targeted testing of complex, real-world scenarios and efficient detection of security flaws, logical errors, and functional issues. Gray box testing facilitates a comprehensive and efficient evaluation process by leveraging both the developer’s insights and the tester’s perspective, ensuring software quality and reliability.
Functional Testing:
It is a type of software testing which is used to verify the functionality of the software application, whether the function is working according to the requirement specification. In functional testing, each function tested by giving the value, determining the output, and verifying the actual output with the expected value. Functional testing performed as black-box testing which is presented to confirm that the functionality of an application or system behaves as we are expecting. It is done to verify the functionality of the application.
Unit Testing:
Unit testing is a type of software testing, where the individual unit or component of the software tested. Unit testing, examine the different part of the application, by unit testing functional testing also done, because unit testing ensures each module is working correctly.
The developer does unit testing. Unit testing is done in the development phase of the application.
Smoke Testing:
Smoke testing includes only the basic (feature) functionality of the system. Smoke testing is known as "Build Verification Testing." Smoke testing aims to ensure that the most important function work.
For example, Smoke testing verifies that the application launches successfully will check that GUI is responsive.
Integration Testing:
Integration testing combined individual units and tested as a group. The purpose of this testing is to expose the faults in the interaction between the integrated units.
Developers and testers perform integration testing.
System Testing:
System testing is a type of software testing that is performed on the complete integrated system to evaluate the compliance of the system with the corresponding requirements.
User acceptance testing: It is a type of testing performed by the client to certify the system according to requirement. The final phase of testing is user acceptance testing before releasing the software to the market or production environment. UAT is a kind of black-box testing where two or more end-users will involve.
Alpha testing:
Alpha testing is an internal form of acceptance testing performed by the development team, quality assurance team, and sometimes a small group of internal users or stakeholders. It is conducted in the early stages of user acceptance testing within the organization before the software is released to external users.
Beta testing:
Beta testing is an external form of acceptance testing conducted by real users in their own environment. It is performed after alpha testing and just before the final release of the software. The goal is to gather feedback from actual users to identify any issues that may not have been detected during alpha testing.
Non-functional testing is a type of software testing to test non-functional parameters such as reliability, load test, performance and accountability of the software. The primary purpose of non-functional testing is to test the reading speed of the software system as per non-functional parameters. The parameters of non-functional testing are never tested before the functional testing.
Non-functional testing is also very important as functional testing because it plays a crucial role in customer satisfaction.
Compatibility Testing:
Compatibility Testing is a type of Software testing to check whether your software is capable of running on different hardware, operating systems, applications, network environments or Mobile devices. Compatibility Testing is a type of Non-functional testing.
Performance Testing:
Performance testing is a type of non-functional testing that evaluates the speed, responsiveness, stability, and scalability of a software application under a particular workload. The primary goal is to identify and eliminate performance bottlenecks to ensure the software performs well under expected conditions.
Usability Testing also known as User Experience(UX) Testing, is a testing method for measuring how easy and user-friendly a software application is. A small set of target end-users, use software application to expose usability defects. Usability testing mainly focuses on user’s ease of using application, flexibility of application to handle controls and ability of application to meet its objectives.
This testing is recommended during the initial design phase of SDLC, which gives more visibility on the expectations of the users.
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